Saturday, August 3, 2013
The risk of developing pneumonia is 100 times higher in people who were infected with influenza
The link between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia is clearly shown in our study. In short, our analysis revealed a transient but significant - about 100 times - increase the risk of pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza infection, "- said the study's lead author Pezhman Rohani of the University of Michigan.
High-calorie diet can contribute to the development of cancer
Scientists in Japan have found that high-calorie diet alters the intestinal microflora, which may cause cancer of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
Naoko
Ohtani of the Cancer Institute in Tokyo (Japan) and her colleagues
found that microorganisms can indirectly contribute to the development
of cancer, watching her work in the intestine of mice during the
transition to high-calorie diet. In
these experiments, doctors noticed that rodents, overweight, suffer
more from cancer than their cousins in the control group.
Scientists intrigued by this fact, and they decided to find the cause of this by analyzing the differences in the microflora and the genomes of mice from these groups. For example, some bacteria in the intestines of rodents with overweight behaved extremely unusual - they synthesized molecules of deoxycholic acid. It belongs to bile acids required for some absorption of nutrients, including vitamins A, D and E. Typically, they are not destroyed in the gut together with the blood and the liver.
Deoxycholic acid is a carcinogen that can cause damage and mutations in the DNA. This happened with the mice - when scientists destroyed the "bad" bacteria, the incidence of tumors in the liver and intestine decreased significantly, almost reaching the values characteristic of the control group. This fact shows that the high-calorie diet can actually contribute to the development of cancer, doctors conclude.
Scientists intrigued by this fact, and they decided to find the cause of this by analyzing the differences in the microflora and the genomes of mice from these groups. For example, some bacteria in the intestines of rodents with overweight behaved extremely unusual - they synthesized molecules of deoxycholic acid. It belongs to bile acids required for some absorption of nutrients, including vitamins A, D and E. Typically, they are not destroyed in the gut together with the blood and the liver.
Deoxycholic acid is a carcinogen that can cause damage and mutations in the DNA. This happened with the mice - when scientists destroyed the "bad" bacteria, the incidence of tumors in the liver and intestine decreased significantly, almost reaching the values characteristic of the control group. This fact shows that the high-calorie diet can actually contribute to the development of cancer, doctors conclude.
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Thursday, June 20, 2013
The Russian company will hold a U.S. trial of the drug for cancer
Russian
biopharmaceutical company "Inkuron" developing innovative anti-cancer
drugs, has received approval from the U.S. Administration of Quality
Supervision Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical trials of
the drug CBL0137 for the treatment of patients with advanced malignant
tumors, reports of "RVC".
"Receiving FDA approval for the study of innovative molecules in the USA Russian startup is a precedent in the case of the Russian practice," - said General Director of Management Company "Bioprocess Capital Partners" Vladimir prostheses, which is cited in the report.
"Inkuron" - a Russian company, founded in 2010 by the "Bioprocess Capital Ventures", created with the participation of RVC capital and Vnesheconombank, and private investor Cleveland BioLabs. The company is a member of the project "Skolkovo". "Inkuron" is developing a fundamentally new anti-cancer drugs based on Kuraksin - small molecules with potentially wide range of therapeutic applications. Kuraksin may also be used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.
Management Company "Bioprocess Capital Partners" is the trustee of the fund, "Bioprocess Capital Ventures." The Fund invests in innovative projects in the field of biotechnology and fine chemistry, the size of the fund - three billion rubles.
"Receiving FDA approval for the study of innovative molecules in the USA Russian startup is a precedent in the case of the Russian practice," - said General Director of Management Company "Bioprocess Capital Partners" Vladimir prostheses, which is cited in the report.
"Inkuron" - a Russian company, founded in 2010 by the "Bioprocess Capital Ventures", created with the participation of RVC capital and Vnesheconombank, and private investor Cleveland BioLabs. The company is a member of the project "Skolkovo". "Inkuron" is developing a fundamentally new anti-cancer drugs based on Kuraksin - small molecules with potentially wide range of therapeutic applications. Kuraksin may also be used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.
Management Company "Bioprocess Capital Partners" is the trustee of the fund, "Bioprocess Capital Ventures." The Fund invests in innovative projects in the field of biotechnology and fine chemistry, the size of the fund - three billion rubles.
People may grow back severed fingertips thanks to stem cells
U.S.
scientists have found that the tips of his fingers cut off in mammals,
including humans, can grow again thanks to the stem cells that are found
in the nail bed, reports RIA "Novosti" with reference to an article in
the journal Nature.
Mayumi Ito and his colleagues conducted a series of experiments on mice on the regeneration of the fingertips. They found that at the base of the nail is a small group of stem cells, through which the nail is growing. Its growth is controlled by a family of proteins Wnt, and if this control mechanism is broken - the nail will not grow.
As shown by the scientists, the same mechanism is responsible for the restoration and the fingertips. After the amputation, Wnt proteins are activated in the epithelium, which lies beneath preserved piece of the nail, and are attracted to the damaged area of the nerve cells. They start the growth of germ cells of connective tissue, which then turn into bones, tendons and muscles. Through this mechanism, the tips of the fingers in mice fully recovered within 5 weeks. If the mice were amputated too much of a finger nail from where almost nothing to do but did not start the regeneration process. In this case, the scientists managed to run it by stabilizing the base of the nail protein beta-catenin, which acts as a transmitter of signals between proteins Wnt.
Scientists believe that maybe this mechanism is also in humans, and the results will help in the development of ways to restore amputated limbs.
Mayumi Ito and his colleagues conducted a series of experiments on mice on the regeneration of the fingertips. They found that at the base of the nail is a small group of stem cells, through which the nail is growing. Its growth is controlled by a family of proteins Wnt, and if this control mechanism is broken - the nail will not grow.
As shown by the scientists, the same mechanism is responsible for the restoration and the fingertips. After the amputation, Wnt proteins are activated in the epithelium, which lies beneath preserved piece of the nail, and are attracted to the damaged area of the nerve cells. They start the growth of germ cells of connective tissue, which then turn into bones, tendons and muscles. Through this mechanism, the tips of the fingers in mice fully recovered within 5 weeks. If the mice were amputated too much of a finger nail from where almost nothing to do but did not start the regeneration process. In this case, the scientists managed to run it by stabilizing the base of the nail protein beta-catenin, which acts as a transmitter of signals between proteins Wnt.
Scientists believe that maybe this mechanism is also in humans, and the results will help in the development of ways to restore amputated limbs.
Geneticists have deciphered the genome of the pathogen medieval leprosy
Johannes
Krause of the University of Tübingen (Germany) deciphered the genome
sticks Hansen (Mycobacterium leprae), the causative agent of medieval
leprosy.
Chronicles indicate that leprosy was widespread in Europe in the first half of the Middle Ages. By the late 16th century, it came to an epidemic, and the reasons for this remain unknown.
Krause and his colleagues studied the remains of the inhabitants of Sweden, Denmark and England, who died of leprosy in the 11-14 centuries AD. Scientists separated the small pieces from the teeth, and tried to remove the fragments of bacterial DNA. To their surprise, the Europeans enamel contained a surprising amount of genomic fragments bacilli, ten times more than expected.
This allowed them to recover the complete genome of a microbe with an accuracy higher than the standard for live bacteria to 5 times. The scientists compared the structure of its DNA with the genomes of 11 modern species of Mycobacterium leprae. It was found that the genomes of microbes were virtually identical. This suggests that this microbe was originally highly contagious to humans, but over time it has lost force as human immune system has adapted to it faster than a bacterium
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Chronicles indicate that leprosy was widespread in Europe in the first half of the Middle Ages. By the late 16th century, it came to an epidemic, and the reasons for this remain unknown.
Krause and his colleagues studied the remains of the inhabitants of Sweden, Denmark and England, who died of leprosy in the 11-14 centuries AD. Scientists separated the small pieces from the teeth, and tried to remove the fragments of bacterial DNA. To their surprise, the Europeans enamel contained a surprising amount of genomic fragments bacilli, ten times more than expected.
This allowed them to recover the complete genome of a microbe with an accuracy higher than the standard for live bacteria to 5 times. The scientists compared the structure of its DNA with the genomes of 11 modern species of Mycobacterium leprae. It was found that the genomes of microbes were virtually identical. This suggests that this microbe was originally highly contagious to humans, but over time it has lost force as human immune system has adapted to it faster than a bacterium
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Doctors have created viruses to fight cancer, using a mathematical model
"So-called oncolytic viruses attack only certain types of cancer cells. Unfortunately, the cells of the same tumors may differ from each other, and this reduces the effectiveness of the virus. We
have accelerated their development by means of a mathematical model, "-
said lead author John Bell and Mads Cairn from the University of Ottawa
(Canada).
Bell, Karen, and their colleagues were trying to create a virus that can destroy the cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney. According to them, the main problem of such viruses is the variability of cancer cells - they are frequently mutated gene, resulting in a change in the structure of the shell, in which the virus outgrowths distinguishes its goal of healthy tissue.
The authors have solved this problem by developing a special mathematical model. To do this, scientists have compiled a list of genetic differences between healthy and cancerous cells of the kidneys, and identified the most "noticeable" for signs of viruses. Combining these data received biological model that can predict how mutations in the viral genome will influence cells which they infect.
As the researchers note, it has allowed them to identify the most promising "versions" of the virus and test them in mice, instead of looking for them through trial and error.
Bell, Karen, and their colleagues were trying to create a virus that can destroy the cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney. According to them, the main problem of such viruses is the variability of cancer cells - they are frequently mutated gene, resulting in a change in the structure of the shell, in which the virus outgrowths distinguishes its goal of healthy tissue.
The authors have solved this problem by developing a special mathematical model. To do this, scientists have compiled a list of genetic differences between healthy and cancerous cells of the kidneys, and identified the most "noticeable" for signs of viruses. Combining these data received biological model that can predict how mutations in the viral genome will influence cells which they infect.
As the researchers note, it has allowed them to identify the most promising "versions" of the virus and test them in mice, instead of looking for them through trial and error.
Scientists have found a way to prevent the harmful effects of alcohol
When injected into the blood alcohol produces active oxygen, which damages the liver, causing hepatitis and even cirrhosis of the liver. However, until now there was little information on how active oxygen is generated.
South Korean scientists have proven that alcohol causes the production of nuclear hormone receptors ERRy, they have harmful effects on the liver. Thus, the scientists say, if suppress the production of these hormones can prevent liver damage alcohol, allowing you to drink and not worry about the physical effects of alcohol.
The group of scientists including experts from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology at Chonnam National University.
South Korea is a country with one of the highest rates of alcoholism in the world. According to various reports, the country is between 7 and 13 places on the use of alcohol
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South Korean scientists have proven that alcohol causes the production of nuclear hormone receptors ERRy, they have harmful effects on the liver. Thus, the scientists say, if suppress the production of these hormones can prevent liver damage alcohol, allowing you to drink and not worry about the physical effects of alcohol.
The group of scientists including experts from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology at Chonnam National University.
South Korea is a country with one of the highest rates of alcoholism in the world. According to various reports, the country is between 7 and 13 places on the use of alcohol
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Sunday, January 27, 2013
Geneticists have taken another step toward a new HIV therapy
Researchers at Stanford University have developed the T-cells that are able to resist HIV, at least in the laboratory, says CBS San Francisco. According to the researchers, this discovery will bring gene therapy for AIDS.
In theory you could enhance any cells that attack HIV. As a result, the virus can not infect immune system. Taking into account that HIV mutates active and able to bypass the security mechanism of the body, scientists have tried to put several "obstacles."
Dr. Matthew Portias says: in the future, standard cocktail of antiretroviral drugs recede into the background. The idea is simple - therapy, which goes in with the use of a single injection.
Doctors will collect the patient's cells, change them, and then introduce back. That's the whole course of treatment. HIV nowhere to perch oneself, and the virus can live in the body. Biological mechanisms themselves will do the job and get rid of HIV.
In theory you could enhance any cells that attack HIV. As a result, the virus can not infect immune system. Taking into account that HIV mutates active and able to bypass the security mechanism of the body, scientists have tried to put several "obstacles."
Dr. Matthew Portias says: in the future, standard cocktail of antiretroviral drugs recede into the background. The idea is simple - therapy, which goes in with the use of a single injection.
Doctors will collect the patient's cells, change them, and then introduce back. That's the whole course of treatment. HIV nowhere to perch oneself, and the virus can live in the body. Biological mechanisms themselves will do the job and get rid of HIV.
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Men spend less effort than women, if they need to lose weight
More difficult for women to lose weight. They have to put more effort to achieve the same result as the men. Scientists from the University of Missouri conducted an experiment. They gathered a group of obese men and women, accounting for them the same weight loss program, writes The Daily Mail.
Professor Jill Keneyli and colleagues tracked the heart rate and a pressure of about 75 people with Type II diabetes. People are offered a program of cardio for 16 weeks. Although all trained with a intensity of training to benefit more men.
Men threw off more pounds, and the recovery time after training decreased. Hence, men and women should train differently. The reason is simple - men have more muscles, and the muscles have higher metabolic rate than fat. Then, men more heart and lungs, as well as hemoglobin.
As a result, even at rest, men burn more calories. That is, men can just train, and women still need to follow the diet (men enough to train at 65%, as women - 85%)
Professor Jill Keneyli and colleagues tracked the heart rate and a pressure of about 75 people with Type II diabetes. People are offered a program of cardio for 16 weeks. Although all trained with a intensity of training to benefit more men.
Men threw off more pounds, and the recovery time after training decreased. Hence, men and women should train differently. The reason is simple - men have more muscles, and the muscles have higher metabolic rate than fat. Then, men more heart and lungs, as well as hemoglobin.
As a result, even at rest, men burn more calories. That is, men can just train, and women still need to follow the diet (men enough to train at 65%, as women - 85%)
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Sunday, January 20, 2013
Designed most optimal treatment for HIV
If
a person starts to give medication immediately after diagnosis "HIV",
it can slow down the process of infection, and began a lifelong course
of drugs can be postponed, writes The Daily Mail. This, in turn, will reduce the chance of spreading the disease.
Meanwhile, patients usually do not prescribe antiretroviral therapy before their immune systems are seriously damaged. But a team from King's College London offers to give medication at once, in order to reduce the concentration of virus in the blood for up to 60 weeks.
Dr Sarah Fidler and colleagues studied 366 patients with HIV. Some of them were given for 12 weeks medication. The second group received 48 weeks of preparations. The third did not take drugs as long as the concentration of CD4 T cells was less than 350 cells per cubic milliliter of blood (normal concentration of 600 to 1200).
They then began to observe how long it takes for as long as the number of T-cells drop below 350. Another marker was the beginning of life-long course of antiretroviral drugs.
Group of patients received no medication, started life course through 157 weeks after infection. People taking antiretroviral drugs for 12 weeks - 184 weeks of infection. But here are taking medication for 48 weeks passed on lifelong therapy after an average of 222 weeks. And the concentration of T-cells was higher in the latter. Plus, reduce the risk of secondary infections such as tuberculosis.
Meanwhile, patients usually do not prescribe antiretroviral therapy before their immune systems are seriously damaged. But a team from King's College London offers to give medication at once, in order to reduce the concentration of virus in the blood for up to 60 weeks.
Dr Sarah Fidler and colleagues studied 366 patients with HIV. Some of them were given for 12 weeks medication. The second group received 48 weeks of preparations. The third did not take drugs as long as the concentration of CD4 T cells was less than 350 cells per cubic milliliter of blood (normal concentration of 600 to 1200).
They then began to observe how long it takes for as long as the number of T-cells drop below 350. Another marker was the beginning of life-long course of antiretroviral drugs.
Group of patients received no medication, started life course through 157 weeks after infection. People taking antiretroviral drugs for 12 weeks - 184 weeks of infection. But here are taking medication for 48 weeks passed on lifelong therapy after an average of 222 weeks. And the concentration of T-cells was higher in the latter. Plus, reduce the risk of secondary infections such as tuberculosis.
Solariums dangerous midday sun twice
About the dangers of tanning salons for skin health, scientists say a long time. Now they have calculated the extent, said The Telegraph. American doctors have even tried to ban solarium minors.
It turns out that the risk of developing skin cancer is twice when people visit the solarium, compared with the same time spent in the midday sun in the Mediterranean. Experts in the person of Professor Harry Moseley of the University of Dundee to check the level of UV radiation at 400 solariums. 9 out of 10 gave higher figures of European safety standards.
Not for nothing, WHO brought it sunroom into a single list of factors triggering cancer with cigarettes. Over the past 30 years, the incidence of skin cancer has increased by four times. It is the most rapidly increasing rates of cancer in the group.
By the way, if a person under 35 goes to the solarium, the probability of melanoma increases by 87%. But independent experts emphasize that sounded data may not be relevant, because the payment was taken in the old statistics.
It turns out that the risk of developing skin cancer is twice when people visit the solarium, compared with the same time spent in the midday sun in the Mediterranean. Experts in the person of Professor Harry Moseley of the University of Dundee to check the level of UV radiation at 400 solariums. 9 out of 10 gave higher figures of European safety standards.
Not for nothing, WHO brought it sunroom into a single list of factors triggering cancer with cigarettes. Over the past 30 years, the incidence of skin cancer has increased by four times. It is the most rapidly increasing rates of cancer in the group.
By the way, if a person under 35 goes to the solarium, the probability of melanoma increases by 87%. But independent experts emphasize that sounded data may not be relevant, because the payment was taken in the old statistics.
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Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Cuba is in the grip of cholera, doctors warn
In Havana recorded outbreak of cholera. The number of infected people to 51, reports Xinhua. Death yet. The first positive came to the attention of physicians on January 6. These were people who lived in the district of El Cerro and complained of severe diarrhea and vomiting.
Then cholera identified in other parts of the city. This is the second outbreak of cholera in Cuba for about six months. Despite this fact, Cuban experts argue that infection almost won.
Recall: in July 2011, epidemiologists cholera diagnosed in 158 people. Three died. Later it was decided to launch a nationwide campaign against cholera. Now doctors are engaged in active proliferation of drugs.
Cuban Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri identified that the strain of cholera, which appeared on the island now, and is similar to the July. Recommendations to tourists and the local population are standard: hygiene, regular hand-washing and use only clean water.
Then cholera identified in other parts of the city. This is the second outbreak of cholera in Cuba for about six months. Despite this fact, Cuban experts argue that infection almost won.
Recall: in July 2011, epidemiologists cholera diagnosed in 158 people. Three died. Later it was decided to launch a nationwide campaign against cholera. Now doctors are engaged in active proliferation of drugs.
Cuban Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri identified that the strain of cholera, which appeared on the island now, and is similar to the July. Recommendations to tourists and the local population are standard: hygiene, regular hand-washing and use only clean water.
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The increasing pace of mental disorder pushes diabetics to death
The study showed women 53-100 years 1837, removal of the ovaries increases the likelihood of mental decline in old age, says The Independent. Removal is usually in young women due to cancer. Develops as a result of the operation "surgical menopause." With this type of one-third of the subjects experienced menopause. Women are tested for thinking and memory. It turned out "surgical menopause" at a young age was associated with a more rapid deterioration of the ability to think and certain types of memory. Long-term memory, coupled with the concepts, ideas, and episodic memory concerning any events - that suffer.
Commented research director Dr. Riley Bove, of Harvard Medical School: "Based on these data, we can assume that in this case it makes sense to turn to hormone replacement therapy. Actually, this is also indicated by the results of testing. Therapy can slow the process of deterioration."
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Commented research director Dr. Riley Bove, of Harvard Medical School: "Based on these data, we can assume that in this case it makes sense to turn to hormone replacement therapy. Actually, this is also indicated by the results of testing. Therapy can slow the process of deterioration."
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