Contraindicated for women with high levels of job stress

How do I find U.S. researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (academic and clinical bases of medical school at Harvard University) in Boston, working in occupations with a HIGH-level stress, women are not only difficult but also harmful to health. In the beautiful half of humanity stress at work was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

After analyzing the data 22,086 women who participated in the study of Women's Health Study (mean age was 57 years), scientists have identified four types of work on the levels of demand and control over the labor process: passive work (low demands, low control), with low-load (low demand, a lot of control), active work (high demands, a lot of control) and with high levels of stress (high demands, low control). As it turned out, for women with the latter two types of jobs likely to develop diseases such as nonfatal myocardial infarction, and conditions requiring immediate coronary revascularization (stenting) was higher than for their counterparts with more lenient terms and conditions of work.

During the decade of observation of study participants was estimated at 170 myocardial infarctions, 163 ischemic strokes, 440 operations stenting indications for urgent and 52 deaths from cardiovascular disease. The negative effects of stress on the cardiovascular system of the body, scientists explain the behavioral reactions to it - such as depression and smoking - as well as physiological reactions, such as stress-induced hypertension and metabolic syndrome. In addition, chronic stress is dangerous because it can cause dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system regulation, and particularly of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which leads to the development of neurocirculatory dystonia.

As noted by scholars such as work performed before primarily on specialists, men and their work is the first study of the relation of stress in the workplace with the risk of cardiovascular disease in the fairer sex

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An artificial nanotubes with a pore diameter of less than one nanometer

An international team of scientists led by Bin Zhou Xi (Xibin Zhou) and Guangya Liu Teh (Guande Liu) from the Beijing University of Chemical College (College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China) has established an analogue of biological transmembrane channels. The study of transmembrane transport of substances into the cell was always challenging and exciting task, so the reproduction of this system in vitro - great scientific success.

At the core of the nanotubes are created rigid macrocyclic compounds - complex molecules of several heterocyclic bases covalently assembled into a ring diameter of 8.8 angstroms. The secret of success lies in the fact that these rings have learned to apply to the stack on each other. Stacks are fixed by hydrogen bonds and stekingovymi interactions (such as those that stabilize the DNA helix), resulting in a tube. The tubes are collected and fasten together to form a molecular sieve. The pore diameter can vary depending on the family's base macrocyclic compounds. Such complexes are similar to biological ion channels in its structure and on the basis of the transmission of substances.

The closest application of this technology is to create a molecular filter for water and other low molecular weight compounds. The researchers plan to expand the range of noise substances. In the future, with the help of these nanotubes can be designed to control the delivery of pharmaceutical compounds in the tissues and organs of the body, as well as collect various macromolecular transport systems.

Vitamin B12 was effective addition to standard therapy for hepatitis C

It is known that vitamin B12 inhibits the replication of HCV in vitro. Adding vitamin B12 to therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in previously untreated patients is almost 2 times more likely caused by a viral response (72% treated with vitamin B12, and only 38% received only standard therapy), according to a published in the online edition of the journal Gut article Gerardo Nardon (Gerardo Nardone) and his colleagues at the University of Naples (University of Naples in Italy).

In addition, the viral response was observed more frequently in patients with the most resistant to the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) and high viral load. Rapid viral response developed equally frequently in both groups, but significantly more often - in the vitamin B12 in patients with high initial viral load and genotype 1 HCV. In the group with standard therapy was not significantly more responders to treatment. The number of complications and side effects in both groups did not differ.

The researchers note that the cost of treating one patient with genotype 1 HCV exceed $ 15,000, but in their study, the frequency of viral replication in these patients was 41% rise in price during the treatment a little more than $ 20. However, they point out that these results should be interpreted with caution because the study was conducted in small groups of patients and without placebo control.

The importance of a safe, low-cost additional treatment for patients with HCV comes to the fore because of problems with new antiviral agents that are directly applicable to the virus.

"Antiviral drugs are a new generation require careful monitoring and strict application of rules to prevent the emergence of resistant strains of HCV and the development of an overdose patient" - the researchers said. Meanwhile, the standard therapy plus vitamin B12 may be useful for patients with stable chronic infections to treatment.

"This strategy would be especially useful in countries where, because of limited economic means a new generation of antiviral agents can not be applied in routine clinical practice" - the authors conclude.

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British scientists offer to fight obesity with the help of thermal

Scientists from the University of Nottingham (University of Nottingham), UK, proposed a new way to fight obesity through a unique technology that uses thermal imaging and thermal imaging. With it you can detect in the body reserves of brown fat, which is considered "good" fat. Their proposed methodology is described in an article published in Journal of Pediatrics.

Brown fat or brown adipose tissue controls how fast your body burns calories obtained. It produces 300 times more energy than any other tissue in the body. Theoretically, the more a man of brown fat, the less the possibility that all the excess calorie intake will accumulate it as white fat. Symonds, Michael (Michael Symonds), Professor of Physiology, School of Clinical Sciences (School of Clinical Sciences) and his colleagues first used thermal imaging to determine exactly how much of brown fat in the body of each person and how much heat it produces. This technique is not invasive and completely safe even for children.

"We are confident that we have developed technology will fundamentally new development in the fight against obesity - the author writes of development. - Detailed study of the work of brown fat by using thermal, in the future we will be able to place labels on their products thermogenic index. It will show, raises or lowers the product heat brown fat, that is, slow down or speed it burn calories our body. "

Obesity is one of the critical problems of the population of Europe and America. Against the background of this epidemic is a growing number of children who are overweight. In the UK alone in the 1990s, the number of obese children has nearly doubled. Currently obesity affects approximately 155 million children around the world.

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WHO has issued guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for HIV-negative people

WHO issued its first guidance for countries that provide drugs to offer HIV, known as antiretrovirals (ARVs) to protect people who do not have the virus, but at high risk of HIV infection.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (CEPR)

Guidance is based on the results of clinical trials showing that the reception of HIV-negative people daily dose of oral antiretrovirals as pre-exposure prophylaxis (CEPR) in order to reduce the risk of infection for humans is safe and effective for HIV prevention. Research initiatives iPrEX showed that the use CEPR may reduce the number of HIV infections among men who have sex with men, about 40% and up to 73% among those who take medications regularly. Research Partners PrEP showed 75 percent protection among serodiscordant couples (couples in which one person with HIV-positive) in Kenya and Uganda.

A wide range of results indicates the potential benefits of the CEPR, but also about the importance of its combination with the constant use of condoms, and frequent testing and counseling and treatment for HIV infection, sexually transmitted diseases.

They also emphasize the importance of daily medication. For many people at high risk of HIV infection, punctilious observance of the prescribed treatment regimen can be challenging. Therefore, the next goal is to establish how best to deliver CEPR those who will use it in "real life" in order to ensure the necessary compliance requirements and maximize the benefits to public health.

Projects on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in

For a better understanding of how to best contribute to the CEPR combination HIV prevention program, WHO strongly recommends that countries wishing to enact the CEPR, first create a small-scale projects that will help public health professionals better understand and realize its potential benefits. These projects will be provided ARVs to people at high risk of HIV infection. These may include non-infected men or women who have changed their sex, have sex with men who are at high risk of HIV infection. The aim is to identify the groups who benefit the most from the CEPR, and establish how best to deliver them to those services.

WHO will assess the results of these projects, along with changing scientific data. The results will help determine the best way to include guidance on the CEPR in the future the combined WHO guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for prevention and treatment of HIV infection, which is expected to release in summer 2013.

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